It is used in spicy dishes as well as in desserts as a flavoring agent. It is a perennial shrub with stems in the shape of the sheath, which have height between 2 and 5 m. Elettaria cardamomum an overview sciencedirect topics. Based on its panicle nature there are three varieties that are recognized. This book continues as volume 5 of a multicompendium on edible medicinal and non medicinal plants. The seed is taken internally in the treatment of indigestion, nausea, vomiting, enuresis and pulmonary diseases with copious phlegm. These systems include ayurveda, homeopathy, unani and even allopathy. Cardamom essential oil ceo and extract are also traditionally known to be beneficial to the digestive system in various manners. Elettaria cardamomum definition of elettaria cardamomum. Pdf therapeutic uses of elettaria cardomum semantic scholar. It is beneficial for overall digestive system, respiratory system, kidneys, blood, heart, and skin. November, 2008 cardamom, the queen of spices is native to evergreen western ghats of india and one of the most valuable spices in the world. Elettaria cardamomum health effects and herbal facts. Rudraksha also spelled as rudraksh is the seed of medicinal plant botanically known as elaeocarpus ganitrus.
For the case of medicinal use, cardamom seeds are used. Its other uses are for heartburn, ibs, bronchitis, constipation, liver problems, and general prevention of infections how to use. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological. Elettaria cardamomum fruit ahpa botanical identity. Green cardamom elettaria cardamomum is an aromatic spice cultivated mainly in. Both genera are native to the indian subcontinent and indonesia. Maton is commonly known as small cardamom, green cardamom, or true cardamom and is grown in india, guatemala, sri lanka, nepal, indonesia, costa rica, mexico and tanzania garg et al.
Since 4 th century bc, it has been used in medicine and cooking. But the later romans were responsible for making cardamom popular and using it extensively in good cooking. If you bought a plant with a tag that says cardamom. Elettaria cardamomum, commonly known as cardamom, is a pungent, aromatic, herbaceous, evergreen perennial of the ginger family. From ancient times, large cardamom has been used in local and traditional medicine. It covers edible fruitsseeds used fresh, cooked or processed as vegetables, cereals, spices, stimulant, edible oils and beverages. This combination, in full or in part, along with other plant parts, was used to treat stomach pain, rheumatic pain, and puerperal fever. The spice has a warm, slightly pungent, and highly aromatic flavor and is popular in south asian dishes and in scandinavian pastries. Elettaria cardamomum, common names green cardamom, true cardamom, is a species native to southern india.
It covers selected species from the following families. Apart from its use as a flavoring agent in food preparations, confectioneries and cosmetics, cardamom is used both in ancient and modem medicines. Cardamom comes from the ginger family elettaria cardamomum. Elettaria cardamomum, commonly known as green or true cardamom, is a herbaceous, perennial plant in the ginger family, native to southern india. In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant properties of. Ela is known for its medicinal value from ancient times. The healer made a number of uses of four spices in his formulations, namely bark of cinnamomum verum, leaves of cinnamomum tamala, floral buds of syzygium aromaticum, and fruits of elettaria cardamomum. Cardamom originates from the coastal area of india. It had also been mentioned in greek, egyptian and christian scripts. Dec 21, 2018 cardamom elettaria cardamomum is one of 1,300 species that belong to the zingiberaceae family, which is known for flowering perennial plants with tuberous roots and rhizomes. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in.
The seeds have a pleasant aroma and a characteristic warm, slightly pungent taste. Antiulcerogenic activity of elettaria cardamomum maton. It is the most common of the species whose seeds are used as a spice called cardamom. It has a large rhizome and long, dark green leaves, 3060 cm long and 515 cm wide. Nutrient management in small cardamom elettaria cardamomum a.
Edible medicinal and nonmedicinal plants volume 5, fruits. No other classic spice has such a patchy geographical distribution and variety of uses. Henceforth, the elettaria cardamomum may have chemo preventive, antidiabetic, anti microbial and anticancer activity due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the methanolic extract. Cardamom is similarly used for the common cold and symptoms associated with it, like the cough. Medicinal properties of cardamom ellettaria cardamomum. Medicinal plants are valuable resources for our health care system since ancient period. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in reunion, indochina, and costa rica. The yield of essential oils of elettaria cardamomum was 4. Processing and medicinal uses of cardamom and ginger a. Cardamom essential oil uses and benefits for health everphi. Antibacterial activity, elettaria cardamomum, chhoti elaichi, minimum. Elettaria cardamomum is a herbaceous perennial plant with erect shoots bearing two rows of alternate green or dark green leaves.
Cardamom, ginger and turmeric belong to the family zingiberaceace. Many spices have substantial affects on our cognitive and body functions. Ginger is obtained from the rhizomes of zingiber officinale. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum essential oil ceo is popular in skin care. The attractive flowers are borne at ground level on muchbranched flowering stems and they develop into small green, white or brown three. Nutrient management in small cardamom elettaria cardamomum. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in reunion, indochina and costa rica. Lavender has been used, for its calming effect, to treat anxiety, insomnia, upset stomach, and as an antiseptic in the past. It has a large, fleshy rhizome, and the alternate, lanceolate leaves are blades from 1 to 2 12 feet long, smooth and dark green above, pale, glaucous green and finely silky beneath. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum maton, a native of high ranges of western ghats of india, is an ecofriendly plantation spice crop.
Mainly used in the dietary habits of millions around the world, cardamom use. Recent research on ceo has shown evidence of its antimicro. Singaravel sengottuvelu, in nuts and seeds in health and disease prevention, 2011. Informing guests about the historical uses of medicinal herbs. Jan 19, 2019 cardamom essential oil is a substance extracted from cardamom seeds that have previously been dried. Cardamomchhoti ilayachi medicinal properties and health benefits and its home remedies. Chemopreventive effects of cardamom elettaria cardamomum l. This plant is native to tropical areas of india, burma and sri lanka. Perhaps the widest misidentification in horticulture, the majority of cardamom plants sold in the us, are, in fact the cinnomon ginger, alpinia nutans. Elettaria cardamomum, chances are great that you have the wrong plant.
Cardamom elettaria cardamomum, native to southeast asia, is traditionally used as a cooking spice. In this experimental study, ethanolic extract of elettaria cardamomum maton ecm was. Chemopreventive effects of cardamom elettaria cardamomum l on chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in swiss albino mice. It is sometimes known as the queen of spices alongside black pepper piper nigrum, which is known as the king of spices. Pdf cardamom elettaria cardamomum maton, a native of high ranges of western ghats of india, is an ecofriendly plantation spice crop.
Pdf therapeutic uses of elettaria cardomum find, read and cite all the. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum and its active constituent, i,8. Elettaria cardamomum was 1% ww and for amomum subulatum was 2. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum is one of 1,300 species that belong to the zingiberaceae family, which is known for flowering perennial plants with tuberous roots and rhizomes. The ripe fruit when dried is sold commercially and it is often called the queen of spices due to the pleasant taste and aroma that it possesses. The dried ripe fruits of cardamom have been used as a spice and in medicines since the 4th century bc. At this point, the cardamom is ready to be incorporated into the cooking. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum essential oil significantly inhibits vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and impacts genomewide gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts xuesheng han1 and tory l. Pdf botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological. In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant properties of elettaria. Urinary disorders, cardiac disorders, infections in teeth and gums, treat throat troubles, cholesterol, nausea, indigestion and vomiting, treat pulmonary diseases like pulmonary tuberculosis, and inflammation of eyelids, digestive disorders like gas trouble. Other wellknown members of this family, closely related to cardamom, are ginger zingiber officinale and turmeric curcuma longa. They are thought to constitute 80% of total drugs used by humans. Elettaria is commonly called cardamom, green cardamom, or true cardamom, whereas amomum is commonly known as black cardamom, brown cardamom, kravan, java cardamom, bengal cardamom, siamese cardamom, white or red cardamom.
Cardamom elettaria identification, uses, medicinal. In india, cardamom is cultivated in altitudes ranging from 900 to 1400 m above msl mean sea level covering three southern. Elettaria cardamomum is a member of the ginger family zingiberaceae. Jul 09, 2015 the black cardamom is found mainly in australia and asia, is brown in color and larger. However, in general, early references to the use of cardamom are sparse in.
To prepare cardamom pods, crush and ground the pods using a pestle and mortar. One best example is the spice mixture of garam masala that is used to season various vegetables and meat dishes, as well as popular middle eastern beverages such as turkish coffee and chai tea. Health benefits of cardamom elettaria cardamomum cardamom is widely known as a spice mostly used in arabic, indian, swedish, and middle eastern cuisines. Analyses carried out in the united states reported cardamom to have the following nutrient compo sition per 100 g edible. These seeds are obtained from the species elettaria cardamomum, belonging to the family of zingiberaceae ginger family. This book continues as volume 5 of a multicompendium on edible medicinal and nonmedicinal plants. Ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats and its prevention by essential oils of elettaria cardamomum and amomum subulatum. An excellent guide to over 500 of the more well known medicinal herbs from around the world. Elettaria cardamomum definition of elettaria cardamomum by. Cardamom is an ancient spice and has the longest influence in india, its birthplace. Elettaria cardamomum is the spice cardamom or elaichi used for cooking in many parts of the world and in india. It also finds its application in the treatment of nausea. Elettaria and amomum are the two main genera of the ginger family that are named as forms of cardamom.
Issn 03725480 301 printed in croatia veterinarski arhiv 87 3, 3015, 2017 in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant properties of elettaria cardamomum maton extract and its effects, incorporated with chitosan, on storage time of lamb meat farhad sharafatichaleshtori1, and reza sharafatichaleshtori2 1medical plants research center, shahrekord university of medical sciences, shahrekord, iran. It is commonly found growing in tropical monsoon forests in the western ghat mountains in the malabar region of sw india where rainfall typically reaches about 150 inches. Medicinal action and uses carminative, stimulant, aromatic, but rarely used alone. Cardamom is an herb used in food and for medicinal purposes. There are two kinds of cardamoms found in the spice world. The attractive flowers are borne at ground level on muchbranched flowering stems and they develop into small green, white or brown threevalved capsules, each containing several brown seeds. The seeds and oil from the seeds are used to make medicine. Informing guests about the historical uses of medicinal. Our findings support the traditional medicinal use of this plant and its future. Other articles where elettaria cardamomum is discussed. Pdf medicinal properties of elettaria cardamomum researchgate.
Four compounds of cardamom were found to be nonmutagenic and noncarcinogenic. The seeds are helpful in indigestion and flatulence, giving a grateful but not fiery warmth. In traditional medicine, cardamom seeds are used for the treatment of a variety of. Medicinal properties of cardamom elettaria cardamomum.
In vitro evaluation of antibacterial potential of dry fruitextracts of. Sep 04, 2015 rudraksha also spelled as rudraksh is the seed of medicinal plant botanically known as elaeocarpus ganitrus. Ginger lily hedychium produces beautiful flowers that are used in garlands and other decorations. Elettaria cardamomum cardamom grows in the tropics, in plantations or wild, usually in partially deforested tropical areas, as it needs shadow. These natural herbs are an important source of drugs for alternative medicine systems. Medicinal properties of aromatic compounds of cardamom.
Cardamom elettaria cardamomum research earth to kathy. The results of ftir analysis confirmed the presence of alcohol, phenols, alkanes, alkyl halides and alkynes. The most significant component of cardamom, as spice, is the volatile oil with its characteristic aroma, described generally as. Elettaria cardamomum seed extract is one of the ingredients of the polyherbal formulation for treating the dementia of alzheimers disease aaishwarya et al. Cardamom is used for digestion problems including heartburn, intestinal spasms, irritable bowel syndrome ibs, diarrhea, constipation, liver and gallbladder complaints, and loss of appetite. It is commonly found in ayurvedic medicines used for the treatment of several diseases of these organs. Chemistry, medicinal properties, applications in dairy and food. Several species of shellflower alpinia are cultivated as ornamentals. Anupama november 3, 20 august 12, 2018 small or green cardamoms are native of south india and sri lanka. List of medicinal plants their uses in different diseases. Cardamom essential oil is a substance extracted from cardamom seeds that have previously been dried. In india, cardamom production is mainly concentrated in the high ranges of idukki. Its use is also recommended by ayurveda in the treatment of disease of oral cavity. Cardamom refers to several plants of the genera elettaria and amomum in the ginger family zingiberaceae.
For urinary obstruction, 1 gram of cardamom or elarisi powder can be given with tender coconut water twice to thrice a day. The seeds of elettaria cardamomum are the source of cardamom. Qiblawi s, alhazimi a, almogbel m, hossain a, bagchi d 2012 chemopreventive effects of cardamom elettaria cardamomum l. They are one of the highest priced and most expensive spices after saffron and vanilla. It has a pale yellow color and a deepwarmy, spicy, sweet, slightly lemony and balsamicwoody aroma. Cardamom is a rhizomatous, herbaceous, and perennial plant. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum is a leafy perennial herb with hairless leaves neatly arranged along thick fleshy stalks. Cardamom, spice consisting of whole or ground dried fruits and seeds of elettaria cardamomum of the ginger family. Indian cardamom is known for its luxuriant green colour with. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum essential oil significantly.
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